A Critical Review of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Automotive Applications: Components, Materials, and Comparative Assessment

The development of innovative technologies based on employing green energy carriers, such as hydrogen, is becoming high in demand, especially the automotive sector, a result challenges associated with sustainable mobility. In present review, detailed overview entire hydrogen supply chain proposed, spanning from its production to storage and final use cars. Notably, main focus Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) fuel-cell type most typically used fuel cell electric vehicles. analysis also includes cost assessment various systems involved; specifically, materials commonly employed manufacture cells, stacks, are considered, emphasizing strengths weaknesses selected strategies, together assessing solutions current problems. Moreover, sought-after parallelism, comparison proposed discussed between traditional diesel or gasoline cars, battery-powered thus highlighting advantages drawbacks propulsion currently available market.